This would be specific to the platform collecting the data before the data is stored in or read by SPSS Statistics? I doubt you are manually entering data in SPSS data view? If you were entering manually, it wouldn't be possible to implement validation as you are suggesting in SPSS Statistics.
SPSS Statistics has a DATA VALIDATION add-on module (at additional cost) you may want to explore but more directly you can build a syntax to check every variable according to whatever logical validation criteria you wish.
So for example
COMPUTE CheckQ1Range=ANY(Gender,1,2)=0.
COMPUTE CheckQ1Miss=NMISS(Gender)>0.
So the variable Gender stores 1=Male 2=Female, the first compute checks if all values entered are either a 1 or 2, if not then flag that case with a 1. The second compute checks if there is any missing and if so again flag with a one. Likewise, you can build as simple or complicate validation rules for each and every variable in your dataset and then fire back a report highlight which variables/cases failed but all of this has to be done post-hoc after data collection and not live during data collection. I've done quite a lot of work of this nature and can all be done with base package without need for DATA VALIDATION module.
You would have to inquire with whatever data collection system you are using to try achieve what you set out to do. I would suspect any data collection system to have this type of feature.
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