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Power, estimated sample size and conundrum!

Posted by Dale Glaser on Jul 24, 2014; 4:43pm
URL: http://spssx-discussion.165.s1.nabble.com/Power-estimated-sample-size-and-conundrum-tp5726815.html

Greetings all....I have a question/situation that on the surface seems very transparent but I am having difficulties navigating.  So any feedback will be much appreciated.


For a study two years ago I conducted a power analysis comparing two proportions (p1 = .085 vs. p2 = .045).  Whether I used G*Power, Stata, or Power and Precision they all gave me sample size estimates ranging from 600 to 640 (contingent if continuity correction was incorporated) per group for alpha = .05 and power of .80.


However, when I ran the SPSS macro for z test of proportions for two groups comparing .045 vs. .085, I found that n = 300 per group was sufficient to obtain significance: z = -1.99, p = .047. I also confirmed this in Stata using the following syntax: prtesti 300 .045 300 .085.

Hence, can I assume that the difference (i.e., n = 600 per group per power analysis vs. n = 300 per group being sufficient to obtain significance) is a function of the desired power insofar with the conventional power of .80 you are setting the bar high enough so as to find the optimal nexus of Type I and Type II error?

The conundrum is such that our study ended up with p1 = .027  vs. p2 =.047 and p = .194 with the recommended sample size being n = 300 per group given the simulation I ran in SPSS and Stata.  Note that post hoc power analysis indicates I would have needed n = 1496 per group (alpha =.05, power = .80) to obtain significance for delta of 2%, though when I run .027 vs. .047 in Stata and SPSS with n = 685 per group z = 1.96, p = .05. 
 
Anyway, this has become an interesting/challenging discussion with PI and reviewers alike.  We went with the sample size (n = 300 per group) since that was sufficient for obtaining significance, but they are indicting we should have gone with the larger sample size based on the power estimate (i.e., n = 600 per group).

Has anyone encountered such a dilemma and how did you deal with it?

Thank you….Dale
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dale Glaser, Ph.D.
Principal--Glaser Consulting
Lecturer/Adjunct Faculty--SDSU/USD/Alliant
3115 4th Avenue
San Diego, CA 92103
phone: 619-220-0602
fax: 619-220-0412
email: [hidden email]
website: www.glaserconsult.com



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